Guide to product life cycle management (PLM)

What is product life cycle management?

PLM is a systematic approach to managing the full lifetime of a product. Starting with a product's inception, PLM tracks and manages the product throughout its life cycle until it is retired from the market. This includes product development, production, sales, support and disposal.

Since its introduction in the 1990s, PLM has evolved from a strictly engineering-based process into a comprehensive strategic framework, often involving multiple departments within an organization.

PLM is an essential tool for businesses seeking to improve product quality, reduce time-to-market and increase operational efficiency. It aims to extract the maximum value from products at every stage, ensuring they meet market demands while fulfilling strategic business objectives.

PLM vs. PPM: A quick differentiation

PLM is not to be confused with project portfolio management (PPM). While they are both crucial components of product management, their focus and goals are different.

PPM involves managing a full portfolio of products, projects and programs to ensure the best allocation of resources and alignment with business goals. PLM, on the other hand, is concerned with the entire life cycle of a single product and all its associated processes.

By implementing PLM strategies, companies can bring products to market more efficiently and effectively, ensure customer satisfaction throughout the product life cycle and maximize profitability.

Why effective PLM is important

Implementing a robust PLM system is essential for modern businesses. It offers a host of benefits to product developers, marketing teams and organizations as a whole.

Improved product quality and innovation

PLM strategies and systems facilitate better control over product design and prototyping, ensuring the end result aligns with both customer expectations and business goals. Through comprehensive tracking and data analysis, companies can identify issues early in the product life cycle and make informed decisions for improvements.

Reduced time-to-market

Through streamlined processes and optimized resource allocation, PLM enables swift transitions from ideation to production, shortening the time required to introduce new products to the market.

Enhanced collaboration and communication

A well-deployed PLM strategy fosters seamless collaboration, allowing cross-functional teams to work together efficiently. This environment helps teams reduce errors, make quicker decisions and communicate more effectively across the organization.

Increased operational efficiency

PLM helps eliminate redundancies and unnecessary steps in the product development process, leading to improved operational efficiency, reduced costs and a leaner operation. With the right information management system, product teams can easily access all product-related information in a centralized way, streamlining workflows and minimizing errors.

Better cost management

By providing a comprehensive view of all product life cycle costs, PLM allows for better cost management during development and more competitive pricing both during and after product launch. This visibility also helps identify areas for cost savings and optimization when planning for product improvements, compliance needs and other market changes.

The 3 pillars of successful PLM

To leverage PLM effectively, there are three critical pillars organizations need to focus on:

Pillar 1: Product information management (PIM)

PLM relies on accurate product data throughout the entire product life cycle to ensure consistency across departments. For this reason, a PIM system is essential to support PLM strategies.

A comprehensive PIM solution allows for centralized management of all product-related information. This includes everything from product specifications and designs to supplier information and maintenance records.

Pillar 2: Process management

Streamlining and optimizing the product development process within a PLM system can significantly improve efficiency. When processes are well-defined, teams can work together more effectively, minimizing delays and errors.

Process management also allows for better tracking and reporting, leading to more informed decision-making.

Pillar 3: People and collaboration

Successful PLM relies on the active participation and collaboration of individuals across the organization.

Cross-departmental efforts help break down silos and foster a more integrated, efficient workflow. This collaboration is essential during all stages of the product life cycle and requires effective communication tools and a culture that values teamwork.

4 stages of the product life cycle

To fully understand the role of PLM and how to implement it effectively, it is necessary to examine the different stages that products go through in their life cycle.

Each stage presents unique challenges and strategic opportunities:

1. Introduction: Concept and design

The primary goal at this early stage is to create a concept that resonates with customers and can be feasibly manufactured, distributed and sold. During this stage, product teams focus on ideation, market research and design, followed by a launch strategy.

2. Growth: Production and sales

As the product is introduced to the market, the growth stage is characterized by increased consumer demand and the need to ramp up production. Product teams must ensure efficient production processes and effective marketing strategies to increase market share and reinforce the product's competitive position.

3. Maturity: Support and optimization

At this stage, the product has secured market share, and the focus shifts to providing support and managing competition. Teams must optimize processes to decrease production costs, explore product extensions and focus on customer retention.

4. Decline: Retirement and disposal

The final stage of a product's life cycle focuses on extracting the most value from retirement and disposal. As sales decline, teams must make end-of-life decisions, cut costs and develop plans to leverage the product's retirement in a strategic way — for example, in support of a new product launch.

Taking a data-driven approach to PLM

One of the most significant advantages of PLM is its ability to help product teams make data-driven decisions throughout the product life cycle.

By using evidence-based metrics to guide product transitions between life cycle stages, teams can make more informed decisions about when to invest resources in a product and when to retire it.

Here are four key metric groups to consider:

1. Market demand

Understanding market demand is crucial for successful product management. Regular market research, trend analysis and competitor monitoring can provide insight into current and future demand for a product.

Key metrics to track include:

• Intent data
• Early adoption rates
• Website traffic and conversions
• Competitor data

Tools like Google Trends and market research reports can offer valuable data on these metrics. By analyzing this data, companies can identify potential market gaps and opportunities for product improvement as well as gain insights into consumer needs to inform their product strategies.

2. Sales performance

Measuring sales performance can reveal the effectiveness of marketing strategies and highlight opportunities for increased market penetration. This data can also help identify future trends and potential issues with the product or its pricing.

Key metrics to track include:

• Revenue growth
• Customer acquisition cost
• Sales volumes
• Return rates

Companies can leverage customer relationship management (CRM) systems and sales automation tools to monitor and analyze these metrics. With this data, teams can make informed decisions about product pricing, marketing strategies and customer retention initiatives.

3. Customer feedback

Staying connected to customers is essential for improving products and building strong customer relationships. Gathering feedback through surveys, online reviews and social media can provide valuable insight into customer satisfaction levels, common complaints or issues and recommendations for improvements.

Key metrics to track include:

• Net promoter score (NPS)
• Customer churn rate
• Customer satisfaction scores (CSAT)
• Feedback on specific features or aspects of the product

Incorporating customer feedback into PLM strategies can help teams make customer-centric decisions and enhance the overall product experience. It can even turn satisfied customers into brand advocates who promote the product to others.

4. Operational efficiency

Efficiency metrics provide insights into the effectiveness of production processes, resource utilization and overall operational performance. By tracking these metrics, companies can identify areas for improvement and implement strategies to reduce waste and costs, speed up production and increase profitability.

Key metrics to track include:

• Production costs
• Time to market
• Supply chain efficiency
• Inventory turnover ratio

Tools such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and process mapping software can help track and analyze these metrics. By identifying areas for optimization, organizations can improve their bottom line and create a more sustainable and efficient operation.

The future of product life cycle management

As technology advances and market demands shift, the role of PLM will continue to evolve.

Some key trends that are redefining how companies approach PLM include:

• Process automation: Streamlines workflows and reduces manual effort, leading to increased efficiency and lower costs
• Advanced data analytics and predictive modeling: Helps companies anticipate market trends and customer needs, enabling more proactive decision-making
• Cloud-based PLM solutions: Provide real-time access to product information, facilitating collaboration and communication on a global scale

In the coming years, we can expect to see more new tools and strategies emerge that will enhance the product life cycle management experience. Technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) devices will play an especially significant role in optimizing processes and data analysis.

As these technologies continue to mature, companies that embrace them in their PLM strategies will have a competitive edge in the market.

How digital asset management supports PLM

Digital asset management (DAM) is another essential component of PLM. In today's digital age, managing product assets such as images, videos and documents is crucial for effective product development and marketing.

Modern DAM software allows companies to manage, store and share these digital assets in a streamlined and collaborative way. By integrating DAM with PLM systems, companies can reap even more benefits such as:

• Centralized asset repository: DAM provides one central location for all product-related assets, making it easier for teams to access and share crucial information.
• Enhanced collaboration: With real-time access to digital assets, cross-functional teams can collaborate seamlessly on design revisions, marketing materials and other critical tasks.
• Boosted efficiency: DAM streamlines the process of finding and organizing digital content, reducing time spent on manual tasks and improving productivity.
• Improved brand consistency: By managing all product-related assets in one place, companies can ensure brand consistency across all communication channels.
• Asset life cycle oversight: DAM software tracks the usage and version history of product assets, supporting the management of asset life cycles and ensuring compliance.
• Data-driven decisions: With DAM, product teams can analyze asset usage and effectiveness to make data-driven decisions about future asset creation and distribution.
• Cost savings: By efficiently managing digital content, companies can reduce costs associated with lost or misplaced assets and minimize the need for redundant asset creation.

Explore the capabilities of Hyland’s Nuxeo Platform, which offers a powerful, flexible and scalable DAM solution that integrates with PLM systems to support the entire product life cycle. See key DAM features in action in our playlist of short demo videos below.